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Ubuntu Installation Procedure

published by Wawuk Team on Sun, 02/27/2011 - 12:15

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Preface
Ubuntu is POSIX-compatible operating system, most updated and most user-friendly. Whether you are planning to begin your adventures in the world of Linux, seeking solution for growing costs on software, or just open to new ideas and alternative solutions, this might be just a place to start.
Short info
Subject: Ubuntu
Current Version: 10.10, codenamed “Maverick Meerkat”, 10 Oct 2010
Title origin: Bantu language of southern Africa. Meaning “humanity to others” or “I am what I am because of who we all are”.
Developer: South African company “Canonical Limited”. Funded by Mark Richard Shuttleworth, South-African entrepreneur of Irish origins.
First release: Debian-based, 4.10, codenamed “Warty Warthog”, 20 Oct 2004
Main points

Most popular user-class OS based on Linux kernel.
Short development cycles: every 6 months.
Maximum compatibility with most popular software and hardware.
Most usable Linux version for average PC user.
Relatively resource-intensive OS.

Installation

First of all, you need to download ISO (DVD-image) of Ubuntu installation disc. It is currently located at http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/download .

NOTE: Please select current release, if you are installing Ubuntu for the first time, as tryout or planning to upgrade your system as often, as new releases are available, or select LTS (Long Term Support), which will guarantee you security updates up to 18 months, without need of system upgrade.
NOTE: Also note, there are two variations of Ubuntu for 32 bit processors (or running in 32 bit mode) and 64 bit. Please, consult your system specs and BIOS settings, regarding which version is suitable for you.

Ubuntu Install. Step 1: Obtaining ISO...

Next step is to load up installation disc. You can do it by burning downloaded ISO file using your favorite burning software (ImgBurn, for example), or if you are installing Ubuntu under virtual machine software (such as Sun VirtualBox, MS Virtual PC, or VM Ware), you should create new virtual machine and attach downloaded ISO as CD/DVD image.

Ubuntu Install. Step 2: Loading the ISO...

When you load up from Ubuntu installation CD, you have to choose interface language.

Ubuntu Install. Step 3: Interface language.

Then, you may either “Try Ubuntu without installing”, or proceed with installation as shown in this guide.

Ubuntu Install. Step 4: Try it or buy it.

You’ll see “Ubuntu 10.10” caption with minimalist progress indicator (four dots).

Ubuntu Install. Step 5: Installation is loading...

When system is loaded, you should choose installation language.

Ubuntu Install. Step 6: Language select

Next, Ubuntu installer is doing basic system requirements check. Those are:

At least 4.6 GB hard disk space
“Stable” power source (eg. Not laptop battery, since installation might take a while, and if power goes down, you risk to screw up all your system)
Internet connection (to perform updates in the way). It is recommended to use Ethernet cable connection, since it is probably the most compatible way, for the first time installation

NOTE: If you’d like to perform updates in the way, check “Download updates” checkbox. We skip it in order to demonstrate system updating once system is installed.

Ubuntu Install. Step 7: Requirements check

Allocate drive space is a screen where you have to make your choice:

“Erase and use the entire disk” – Install system on a whole drive (best for 1-system per computer or VM installation).
Or “Specify partitions manually” – where you can choose physical disk and manually partition your hard drive.

Ubuntu Install. Step 8: Automatic partitioning or manual

Ubuntu Install. Step 8: Automatic partitioning or manual
Now a) is pretty straight forward. You just select physical device, and Ubuntu tweaks it according to it needs.

Ubuntu Install. Step 8.a: Automatic partitioning

Ubuntu Install. Step 8.a: Automatic partitioning
But for b), it takes more steps:

First of all, you select physical device.

Ubuntu Install. Step 8.b.1: Partitioning the drive

Then you press “New Partition Table” (if you are partitioning empty drive), or choose existing partition that you’d like to use for Ubuntu installation.

Ubuntu Install. Step 8.b.2: New partition table

Unless its system is Linux friendly (eg. EXT2/3/4, ReiserFS, JFS, etc), its better that you remove it and click “Add…” to create it from beginning.

Ubuntu Install. Step 8.b.3: Free space

Click “Add…” to create new partition. Select its type (normally Primary), size in megabytes, location (normally Beginning), “Use as” – this is for file system type (normally Ext4 journaling file system) and finally mount point, which is normally “/”. Finally, click “OK”.

NOTE: Choosing partition size, make sure to leave some space for “swap” drive. Unlike Windows, swap data is stored on separate drive. 512 MB or more is recommended.

Ubuntu Install. Step 8.b.4: Adding main partition

Ubuntu Install. Step 8.b.5: Setting mount point

Now click “Add…” again, set location to “End” and “Use as” to “swap area”, and click “OK”.

Ubuntu Install. Step 8.b.6: Adding swap space

When you are pleased with your partitioning, click install to continue further installation.

Ubuntu Install. Step 8.b.7: Proceed with installation

Ubuntu installer is now preparing partitions and copying data. Meanwhile, you should choose your time zone.

Ubuntu Install. Step 9: Timezone select

And keyboard layout.

Ubuntu Install. Step 10: Keyboard layout

Finally, type in your name (or alias), name of your computer (aka hostname, or how it is going to be visible to other computers in your LAN), pick username (avoid system reserved names as “root” or “admin”), and password.

Ubuntu Install. Step 11: Hostname, username and password

Ubuntu Install. Step 11: Hostname, username and password
NOTE: This password is to be used frequently, for such operations as installation and removal of software, etc. Therefore, it is recommended that you choose something you can remember. Yet, as golden rule, to avoid “1234”, “your-phone-number”, “mother’s maiden name” or other obvious things. In fact, it mostly matter if you plan to share access to your computer with others, potentially untrusted users.